TY - JOUR AU - Graever, Leonardo AU - Mafra, Priscila Cordeiro AU - Figueira, Vinicius Klein AU - Miler, Vanessa Navega AU - Sobreiro, Júlia dos Santos Lima AU - Silva, Gabriel Pesce de Castro da AU - Issa, Aurora Felice Castro AU - Savassi, Leonardo Cançado Monteiro AU - Dias, Mariana Borges AU - Melo, Marcelo Machado AU - Fonseca, Viviane Belidio Pinheiro da AU - Nóbrega, Isabel Cristina Pacheco da AU - Gomes, Maria Kátia AU - Santos, Laís Pimenta Ribeiro dos AU - Lapa e Silva, José Roberto AU - Froelich, Anne AU - Dominguez, Helena PY - 2025 DA - 2025/4/17 TI - Telehealth Support From Cardiologists to Primary Care Physicians in Heart Failure Treatment: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study of the Brazilian Heart Insufficiency With Telemedicine Trial JO - JMIR Cardio SP - e64438 VL - 9 KW - heart failure KW - telemedicine KW - telehealth KW - intersectoral collaboration KW - primary health care KW - low- and middle-income countries KW - family practice AB - Background: Heart failure is a prevalent condition ideally managed through collaboration between health care sectors. Telehealth between cardiologists and primary care physicians is a strategy to improve the quality of care for patients with heart failure. Still, the effectiveness of this approach on patient-relevant outcomes needs to be determined. Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of telehealth support provided by cardiologists for treating patients with heart failure to primary care physicians from public primary care practices in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: We used mixed methods to assess the feasibility of telehealth support. From 2020 to 2022, we tested 2 telehealth approaches: synchronous videoconferences (phase A) and interaction through an asynchronous web platform (phase B). The primary outcome was feasibility. Exploratory outcomes were telehealth acceptability of patients, primary care physicians, and cardiologists; the patients’ clinical status; and prescription practices. Qualitative methods comprised content analysis of 3 focus groups and 15 individual interviews with patients, primary care physicians, and cardiologists. Quantitative methods included the baseline assessment of 83 patients; a single-arm, before-and-after assessment of clinical status in 58 patients; and an assessment of guideline-directed medical therapy in 28 patients with reduced ejection fraction measured within 1 year of follow-up. We integrated qualitative and quantitative data using a joint display table and used the A Process for Decision-Making After Pilot and Feasibility Trials framework for feasibility assessment. Results: Telehealth support from cardiologists to primary care physicians was generally well accepted. As barriers, patients expressed concern about reduced direct access to cardiologists, primary care physicians reported work overload and a lack of relative advantage, and cardiologists expressed concern about the sustainability of the intervention. Quantitative analysis revealed an overall poor baseline clinical status of patients with heart failure, with 53% (44/83) decompensated, as expected. Compliance with guideline-directed medical therapy for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction after telehealth showed a modest improvement for β-blockers (17/20, 85% to 18/19, 95%) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (14/20, 70% to 15/19, 79%) but a drop in the prescription of spironolactone (16/20, 80% to 15/20, 75%). Neprilysin and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors were introduced in 4 and 1 patient, respectively. Missing record data precluded a more precise analysis. The feasibility assessment was positive, favoring the asynchronous modality. Potential modifications include more effective patient and professional recruitment strategies and educational activities to raise awareness of collaborative support in primary care. Conclusions: Telehealth was feasible to implement. Considering the stakeholders’ views and insights on the process is paramount to attaining engagement. Missing data must be anticipated for future research in this setting. Considering the recommended adaptations, the intervention can be studied in a cluster-randomized trial. SN - 2561-1011 UR - https://cardio.jmir.org/2025/1/e64438 UR - https://doi.org/10.2196/64438 DO - 10.2196/64438 ID - info:doi/10.2196/64438 ER -