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Media-Induced and Psychological Factors That Foster Empathy Through Virtual Reality in Nursing Education: 2×2 Between-Subjects Experimental Study

Media-Induced and Psychological Factors That Foster Empathy Through Virtual Reality in Nursing Education: 2×2 Between-Subjects Experimental Study

A recent study obtained similar findings: spatial presence predicted narrative transportation in a VR storytelling experience [38]. Furthermore, existing work suggests that narrative transportation is associated with an increase in emotional responses [39,40]. Hence, we predict that perceived self-location, enhanced by VR, will foster narrative transportation, which will, in turn, promote emotional engagement. Emotional engagement will then lead to affective empathy.

Kuo-Ting Huang, Zexin Ma, Lan Yao

JMIR Med Educ 2025;11:e59083

Understanding Public Perceptions of Virtual Reality Psychological Therapy Using the Attitudes Towards Virtual Reality Therapy (AVRT) Scale: Mixed Methods Development Study

Understanding Public Perceptions of Virtual Reality Psychological Therapy Using the Attitudes Towards Virtual Reality Therapy (AVRT) Scale: Mixed Methods Development Study

Individuals who scored highly on this factor felt that VR would not be real, that is, low presence. Individuals who scored low felt that VR was immersive. Within the items where strong agreement or disagreement elicited a text response (items 43, 45, and 44), the respondents indicated several factors that affected their expectation that VR would be “real enough.” Previous experiences appeared to be linked to the expectations of presence.

Aislinn D Gomez Bergin, Aoife M Allison, Cassie M Hazell

JMIR Ment Health 2024;11:e48537

Impact of Personalized Avatars and Motion Synchrony on Embodiment and Users’ Subjective Experience: Empirical Study

Impact of Personalized Avatars and Motion Synchrony on Embodiment and Users’ Subjective Experience: Empirical Study

In addition, increased agency could make people feel a greater presence with less simulator sickness in VR [7]. Various studies have used the motion synchronization method to induce size perception [6] and emotion [5], as well as reduce racial bias [9]. Other studies have developed a method of enhancing embodiment by increasing appearance similarity between a real body and virtual body [10-12].

Myeongul Jung, Sangyong Sim, Jejoong Kim, Kwanguk Kim

JMIR Serious Games 2022;10(4):e40119

A Preoperative Virtual Reality App for Patients Scheduled for Cardiac Catheterization: Pre–Post Questionnaire Study Examining Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability

A Preoperative Virtual Reality App for Patients Scheduled for Cardiac Catheterization: Pre–Post Questionnaire Study Examining Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability

This increases the feeling of being present in the virtual environment, with presence referring to the subjective experience of being in a digital environment, while physically being in another [29]. The sense and quality of this presence are considered important factors for the efficacy of VR exposure therapy [30]. The quantification of presence can also be used as an evaluative measure for virtual experience [31].

Jiska J Aardoom, Alexander D Hilt, Tamar Woudenberg, Niels H Chavannes, Douwe E Atsma

JMIR Cardio 2022;6(1):e29473

Measuring Alliance Toward Embodied Virtual Therapists in the Era of Automated Treatments With the Virtual Therapist Alliance Scale (VTAS): Development and Psychometric Evaluation

Measuring Alliance Toward Embodied Virtual Therapists in the Era of Automated Treatments With the Virtual Therapist Alliance Scale (VTAS): Development and Psychometric Evaluation

Presence in virtual reality is the subjective experience of actually being in a virtual environment and that events are really occurring [16]; social presence, or copresence, is a specialized form of presence associated with the experience of being with another in a virtual environment [35].

Alexander Miloff, Per Carlbring, William Hamilton, Gerhard Andersson, Lena Reuterskiöld, Philip Lindner

J Med Internet Res 2020;22(3):e16660

Believing Is Seeing: A Proof-of-Concept Semiexperimental Study on Using Mobile Virtual Reality to Boost the Effects of Interpretation Bias Modification for Anxiety

Believing Is Seeing: A Proof-of-Concept Semiexperimental Study on Using Mobile Virtual Reality to Boost the Effects of Interpretation Bias Modification for Anxiety

Although the study did not include a control group and was not designed, nor powered, to test the effectiveness of the intervention, the VR-based attentional bias training was associated with higher scores in enjoyment, flow, presence, and motivation than the standard training, indicating good acceptance and feasibility of the VR training intervention.

Boris Otkhmezuri, Marilisa Boffo, Panote Siriaraya, Maria Matsangidou, Reinout W Wiers, Bundy Mackintosh, Chee Siang Ang, Elske Salemink

JMIR Ment Health 2019;6(2):e11517

From the Experience of Interactivity and Entertainment to Lower Intention to Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Path Analysis of a Web-Based Smoking Prevention Program for Adolescents

From the Experience of Interactivity and Entertainment to Lower Intention to Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Path Analysis of a Web-Based Smoking Prevention Program for Adolescents

This attention is expected to create perceived presence (ie, individuals’ perception of being present inside the environment of the website [45]). Perceived presence is a key outcome in the context of Web-based interventions because interactivity and entertainment involve the experience of environments that demand attention and immersion.

Georges Elias Elias Khalil, Hua Wang, Karen Sue Calabro, Natasha Mitra, Ross Shegog, Alexander V Prokhorov

J Med Internet Res 2017;19(2):e44