Deep Neural Networks for Automatic Atrial Fibrillation Detection Using Long-Term Ambulatory Electrocardiography: Retrospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Jagdeep Sedha   ^{1, 2 *} , MD ;   Jukka A Lipponen   ^{3 *} , MSc, PhD ;   Antti Aho   ¹ , MD ;   Helena Jäntti   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Onni E Santala   ^{1, 4} , MD, PhD ;   Tomi P Laitinen   ^{1, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Tiina M Laitinen   ³ , MSc, PhD ;   Jari Halonen   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD ;   Mika P Tarvainen   ³ , MSc, PhD ;   Eemu-Samuli Seljola   ^{1, 6, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Noora S Naukkarinen   ¹ , MD ;   Olli Rantula   ^{1, 2} , MD, MSc ;   Tuomas T Rissanen   ^{1, 8} , MD, PhD ;   Juha E K Hartikainen   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD ;   Tero J Martikainen   ⁹ , MD, PhD

¹ School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

² Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

³ Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

⁴ Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland

⁵ Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

⁶ Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli, Finland

⁷ University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

⁸ Heart Center, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland

⁹ Department of Prehospital Emergency Care, Acute Services, Kuopio, Finland

*these authors contributed equally