Frameworks for Implementation, Uptake, and Use of Cardiometabolic Disease–Related Digital Health Interventions in Ethnic Minority Populations: Scoping Review

Mel Ramasawmy   ¹ , PhD ;   Lydia Poole   ¹ , PhD ;   Zareen Thorlu-Bangura   ¹ , BA, MPH ;   Aneesha Chauhan   ² , BMBCh, BA, PGCert, MRCP, AFHEA ;   Mayur Murali   ³ , BSc, MBBS, MSc, MRCP, FRCA, DTM&H, FHEA ;   Parbir Jagpal   ⁴ , BPharm, MSc, BEM, MRPharmS, IPresc, SFHEA ;   Mehar Bijral   ⁵ ;   Jai Prashar   ⁵ ;   Abigail G-Medhin   ⁶ , BSc ;   Elizabeth Murray   ^{7 †} , FRCGP, PhD ;   Fiona Stevenson   ⁷ , MA, PhD ;   Ann Blandford   ⁸ , PhD ;   Henry W W Potts   ¹ , BA, MSc, PhD ;   Kamlesh Khunti   ⁹ , FMedSci ;   Wasim Hanif   ¹⁰ , MBBS, MD ;   Paramjit Gill   ¹¹ , DM ;   Madiha Sajid   ¹² , MA, FHEA ;   Kiran Patel   ^{11, 13} , MD, PhD, FRCP ;   Harpreet Sood   ^{14, 15} , MBBS, MPH, MRCGP ;   Neeraj Bhala   ^{16, 17} , MBChB, MSc, DPhil ;   Shivali Modha   ¹² ;   Manoj Mistry   ¹² , BSc, MBA, MSc ;   Vinod Patel   ¹⁸ , MBChB, BSc, RCPathME, FRCP, FHEA, MRCGP, DRCOG, MD ;   Sarah N Ali   ¹⁹ , BMBCh, BSc ;   Aftab Ala   ^{20, 21, 22} , MBBS, MD, PhD, FRCP ;   Amitava Banerjee   ¹ , DPhil

¹ Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom

² Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

³ Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

⁴ School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

⁵ University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁶ Department of Population Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

⁷ eHealth Unit, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom

⁸ University College London Interaction Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁹ Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

¹⁰ Department of Diabetes and Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

¹¹ Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

¹² Patient and Public Involvement Representative, DISC Study (UK), N/A, United Kingdom

¹³ University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom

¹⁴ Health Education England, London, United Kingdom

¹⁵ Hurley Group Practice, London, United Kingdom

¹⁶ Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

¹⁷ Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

¹⁸ Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

¹⁹ Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

²⁰ Department of Access and Medicine, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom

²¹ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

²² Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

†deceased